Enam's Scholarly Articles on English

Pip, the central character of the novel “Great Expectations” by Charles Dickens (1812-1870), a great Victorian novelist, is haunted by great expectations of being a ‘gentleman’ from his very childhood. As he grows throughout the novel, he develops and matures from a naive, young boy to a moral gentleman by the three main stages that take place throughout his life. We are now going on to deal more thoroughly with what happens to Pip during the three stages of his great expectations. The first stage Pips development goes from the beginning of the novel, when Pip is a small boy, until he leaves for London to be a gentleman and live out his great expectations.In this stage of Pip's life he is young and does not understand what it means to be a gentleman and how it can affect his life.  Hebasically asks for three wishes: education, wealth, and social advancement.  These three wishes are mostly so he can impress Estella, whom Miss Havishammoulds as a way of wreaking revenge on the ...

Frogs by Aristophanes, an Athenian great comedy writer, is a social comedy making a public commentary on the everyday life of Athens. It presents a merciless satire to the political, social and the cultural life of the Athenian people through wit and laughter. Now we will look into how comically Aristophanes presents his contemporary society in his comedy. Aristophanes, through Frogs,intends to ridicule follies of the Sophists as well as their institution specially Euripides’ plays.By doing so he wants to modify the corrupt politics and malpractice in the cultural life of the Athenian people.So the complete play moves around local persons and problems. Such as Aeschylus and Euripides, as they are portrayed in the Frogs, stand for the two successive ages which Athens has passed.  Through their logic and counter logic, Aristophanes depicts the contemporary society very artistically. Euripides for example, before the verdict of Diagnosi...

Clytemnestra, the queen of Argos, the wife of the king Agamemnon, is the one of the central character of the play  “Agamemnon”  by  Aeschylus (525?-456 bc), an ancient Greek dramatist.  She rules Argos in his absence of her husband. She is very different from the typical women of her time and portrayed as a mixer of strength and weakness. She kills her husband Agamemnon to take revenge on him for his sacrifices of her daughter Iphigenia. She is, a sympathetic character in many respects, but the righteousness of her crime is tainted by her entanglement with Aegisthus. Now we will take a deeper look into the understanding of Clytemnestra. Clytemnestra’s most important characteristic is her male strength of heart. As the Elders of Argos, the Chorus comments:  “Madam, yours words are like a man’s, both wise and kind.” She is a strong woman, and her strength is evident on many occasions is the play. She after her murder of her husband, Agamemnon, and ...

Achilles, in Greek mythology, greatest of the Greek warriors in the Trojan War is the central character of Homer's epic poem Iliad. He was the son of the sea nymph Thetis and Peleus , king of the Myrmidons of Thessaly . The anger of Achilles, his withdrawal from the battles and the devastating effects that this has on the Greek army is the core of the story the epic. Homer paints his own portrait of a classic hero through the brave deeds as well as the human flaws. Achilles’ mother Thetis attempted to make him immortal bathing him in the River Styx w hen she learns that he would die in the Trojan War. The waters made him invulnerable except for the heel by which his mother held him. The term Achilles heel has become popularized to refer to someone’s or something’s key weakness.  However, now we will see how Homer represents him in Iliad. In the Iliad, as a whole, Achilles reflects a paradigm of the hero who has fallen in deep love with honour and glory.  There lie...

Aeschylus's Agamemnon, the first play of the trilogy, calls our attention to a central concept of justice; Justice as revenge. From the killing of Agamemnon and Cassandra and also from the prophesy of Cassandra (that Clytemnestra will be killed due to her action) we find a clear concept of Justice. That Agamemnon is killed for his and his father's action and that Cassandra is killed for her betrayal to god, Apollo and Clytemnestra and Agisthus will be killed for killing Agamemnon and Cassandra are the acts of Justice. And justice is done in the form of revenge. The pre-Olympian religion equates ‘justice with vengeance’. Moreover there are ‘the Furies’, the three avenging deities, whose function is, as it is said: "… to punish three major sins: blasphemy against the gods; treachery to a host or guest, and the shedding of kindred blood." So those who commit above mentioned sins are worth to be punished. In the very beginning of the play, Agamemnon, the Ki...

Who are responsible for the the Trojan War in “The Iliad” by Homer?   The Trojan War, a great military adventure of Greek mythology, undertaken by the kings of ancient Greece against the city of Troy, has beautifully narrated by the great poet Homer in his epic poem " The Iliad ". The devastating war lasted for ten years and cost many livesand ended with burning of the affluent city of Troy (Ilium).Though the mythical war started after Paris of Troy took Helen from her husband Menelaus, king of Sparta, There are a variety of reasons that makes the war inevitable.  Now we are going to discuss them in our following discussion. The events that led to the Trojan War began long before the war. The war originated, as myth goes, from a quarrel between the goddesses Athena, Hera, and Aphrodite , after the goddess of strife Eris , enraged for not being invited to the wedding of Peleus and Thetis , threw them a golden apple, known as “the Apple of Discord”, inscribed " for t...

Difference between Error and Mistake:  Like, an error a mistake is also a deviation of the norms of the language but is not systematic. Norrish (1983:8) says that a mistake is an inconsistent deviation that is sometimes the learner ‘gets it right’ but sometimes wrong. Richards et.al (1985:95) state that mistake is made by a learner when writing or speaking which is caused by lack of attention, fatigue, carelessness, or other aspects of performance. So we can say that a mistake is made by a learner because he does not apply the rule (s) that he actually knows. Motivation: Like most other fields of learning, in ELT, motivation is a great key to success. Without such motivation we will certainly fail to make the necessary effort. So motivation demands a great importance. Let us know what the motivation is.  At its most basic level, motivation is some kind of internal drive which pushessomeone to do things in order to achieve something.  Longman Dictionary of ...